MPOX: Everything You Need to Know About Monkeypox – Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

The Threat of Monkeypox Spreading Worldwide

MPOX, previously known as Monkeypox, is emerging as a serious public health threat. Originally identified in primates from Central Africa, this disease has now crossed borders and is causing global concern. Although a similar outbreak was controlled in 2022, the current wave of infections is more transmissible and potentially deadlier. So, why is MPOX so dangerous? Could it be the next major public health crisis? In this article, we provide essential information about Monkeypox, from the initial signs and symptoms to the most effective treatments and preventive measures. We also explain how our Hospitals CMQ are prepared to offer specialized care to those affected by this disease. So keep reading and learn more about this new global crisis.

What is Monkeypox and Why is It a Global Health Emergency According to the WHO?

MPOX is a viral disease caused by a virus similar to the human smallpox virus. Although smallpox was eradicated in 1980, Monkeypox has emerged as a significant threat with increasingly frequent outbreaks. In response to the rise in cases and its global spread, on August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared MPOX a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated “The emergence of a new clade of MPOX, its rapid spread in eastern DRC, and the reporting of cases in several neighboring countries are very worrying. On top of outbreaks of other MPOX clades in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives.” Mpox has been reported in the DRC for more than a decade, and the number of cases reported each year has increased steadily over that period. Last year, however, reported cases increased significantly, and already the number of cases reported so far this year has exceeded last year’s total, with more than 15,600 cases and 537 deaths.

MPOX in the USA: Current Situation and Data

In the United States, MPOX cases have also been on the rise. Since 2022, there have been over 30,000 confirmed cases reported across the country. Major cities like New York and Los Angeles have seen the highest numbers, largely due to their dense populations and high travel rates. However, the situation remains under control, thanks to rapid response and vaccination efforts. As of August 2024, the U.S. has reported a slowdown in new cases, but public health officials continue to urge caution and preventive measures.

Impact of MPOX in Mexico: Confirmed Cases in the Country

From 2022 to August 2024, Mexico has reported 4,124 confirmed cases of MPOX, primarily in densely populated urban areas like Mexico City, which accounts for most of the 53 cases confirmed in 2024. Despite global concerns, the situation in the country remains under control. However, it’s crucial to stay informed as data can change rapidly. For the latest updates, follow Hospital CMQ on social media.

Signs and Symptoms of MPOX

The symptoms of MPOX are similar to those of human smallpox but are generally less severe. Initially, they include fever, muscle aches, fatigue, and often swollen lymph nodes. The characteristic rash associated with this disease appears later, progressing to pustules and scabs. The incubation period is between five to 21 days and is divided into two phases:

• Fever Phase: Occurs in the first five days after contact with an infected person. It is marked by fever, severe headaches, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle pain.
• Rash Phase: Appears one to three days after the fever starts. During this phase, a rash develops, which can spread across the body.

Although most cases recover within a few weeks, MPOX can cause severe complications, particularly in children, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those without access to adequate medical care.

How is MPOX Diagnosed?

Diagnosing MPOX can be challenging. It requires a combination of clinical evaluation and specific laboratory tests. Because MPOX symptoms, such as fever, headache, fatigue, and skin rashes, resemble those of other viral diseases, laboratory testing is essential for a confirmed diagnosis. The first step is a thorough clinical evaluation. This involves a review of symptoms, a full-body examination, and a history check, including possible exposure to infected individuals, recent travel to endemic areas, or contact with animals that may carry the virus.

The next step is conducting a PCR test, which detects the virus’s DNA. Fortunately, this test is highly sensitive and specific, allowing for quick and accurate confirmation of the virus. The test involves swabbing the lesions or remaining scabs. The sample is then analyzed, and the results will confirm whether you have the infection. A precise diagnosis is crucial to ensure you receive appropriate treatment and to prevent the spread of the disease.

Transmission: Why is MPOX So Contagious?

MPOX is highly contagious due to the virus’s ability to spread through multiple pathways. First, it spreads through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected person, such as saliva, blood, or secretions from skin lesions. Moreover, the virus can also survive on contaminated surfaces, such as clothing, bedding, or towels, increasing the risk of indirect transmission when someone touches these objects and then touches their face.

Additionally, zoonotic transmission, where the virus spreads from animals to humans, has been documented. This occurs particularly through bites, scratches, or handling infected animal meat. These modes of transmission make MPOX a highly contagious disease, especially in communities with limited infection surveillance and control.

 Treatment for Monkeypox

Treatment for MPOX focuses mainly on symptom relief and preventing severe complications. To date, no specific antiviral treatment has been approved exclusively for this disease. However, some antivirals developed to combat human smallpox have shown effectiveness in treating severe cases of MPOX and are used under medical supervision. Disease management also includes care such as fever control, pain management, and prevention of secondary infections that could complicate the patient’s health.

Are There Vaccines for MPOX?

Previously, the traditional smallpox vaccine was used to treat MPOX. However, as the virus evolves, this vaccine has become less effective. Currently, the only MPOX vaccine available is JYNNEOSⓇ, produced by Bavarian Nordic. This vaccine is a weakened form of the virus, meaning it does not cause the disease. If you’re interested in learning more about this vaccine, we recommend reading this article by The National Institutes of Health.

Preventive Measures to Avoid Monkeypox Infection

To prevent Monkeypox (MPOX) infection, it is essential to adopt a series of measures that minimize the risk of exposure to the virus. The first and most important is to avoid direct contact with infected individuals, especially if they show skin lesions associated with the disease. Since the transmission of MPOX can be through bodily fluids and contaminated surfaces, it’s crucial not to share personal items. Additionally, washing your hands often with soap and water, or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer is one of the best ways to protect yourself and others from MPOX.

Hospital CMQ: Ready to Fight MPOX with Specialized Services and Excellent Medical Care

In response to the growing global concern over MPOX, our hospitals have strengthened their capabilities to provide high-quality medical care to those who may be affected by this disease. We also have a team of highly trained healthcare professionals ready to handle MPOX cases with the utmost care and efficiency. Our modern and well-equipped facilities enable us to offer fast diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and continuous follow-up to ensure our patients’ recovery.

Our commitment to the health of Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas is reflected in the addition of strict infection control protocols and the dedication of our medical and administrative staff. At Hospital CMQ, we are ready to face the threat of MPOX and provide peace of mind to those who trust us.

Frequently Asked Questions About MPOX