Severe Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Causes, and Prevention Tips

As the rainy season progresses, so does the threat of dengue fever, particularly Severe Dengue. Severe Dengue Fever, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and expert care. In the United States, cases of dengue fever, including severe dengue, are mostly reported in states with warm climates and higher mosquito activity, such as Florida, Texas, and Hawaii. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), while locally transmitted cases are rare, travel-related cases are more common, particularly among individuals returning from endemic regions.

Severe Dengue Fever poses a significant health risk during the rainy season when mosquito populations surge and the likelihood of transmission increases. This serious form of dengue fever, characterized by severe bleeding, organ impairment, and plasma leakage, can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. At Hospital CMQ, our specialists are dedicated to providing comprehensive care and treatment for those affected by Severe Dengue Fever. So, whether you’re seeking to protect yourself or your loved ones, understanding Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is crucial for staying safe and healthy during this vulnerable time.

What is Severe Dengue?

Severe Dengue is a more serious form of dengue fever caused by the dengue virus, transmitted by the Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes. However, unlike classic dengue, which presents with high fever, severe headaches, joint, and muscle pain, Severe Dengue involves more critical symptoms. Common symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding from the gums or nose, blood in vomit or stool, and difficulty breathing.

Nonetheless, without prompt medical attention, this condition can lead to significant plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and organ impairment, potentially resulting in shock or death. This is why, our expert team stresses the importance of early diagnosis and immediate medical intervention to manage and reduce the risk associated with Severe Dengue.

Recognizing the Signs of Severe Dengue Fever

The initial symptoms of Severe Dengue Fever often resemble those of classic dengue fever and typically appear 4-10 days after a mosquito bite. These include:

• High fever (104°F/40°C)
• Severe headache
• Pain behind the eyes
• Muscle and joint pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue

However, as the disease progresses, typically after the fever subsides, other warning signs indicating the onset of severe dengue may develop:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Persistent vomiting
• Rapid breathing
• Bleeding gums
• Blood in vomit or stools
• A sudden drop in blood pressure leading to shock

Likewise, in cases where the disease progresses to its more severe form, life-threatening complications can occur, including:

• Plasma leakage
• Severe bleeding, nosebleeds, internal bleeding
• Organ impairment, particularly the liver, heart, and brain
• Dengue shock syndrome (DSS), characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to vital organs

Recognizing these symptoms early and seeking immediate medical attention is crucial. If you or a loved one exhibits any of these warning signs or severe symptoms, it is imperative to visit a healthcare facility promptly.

Dengue vs. Severe Dengue: Key Differences

Understanding the differences between classic dengue fever and severe dengue fever is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. As mentioned before, both conditions are caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. However, they vary significantly in terms of severity, symptoms, and potential complications. First, classic dengue fever is typically milder and self-limiting, while severe dengue fever involves critical complications such as plasma leakage, severe bleeding, and organ impairment.

On the other hand, while both forms of dengue present with high fever and common viral symptoms, severe dengue includes additional warning signs such as severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, fatigue, restlessness, and severe bleeding. Additionally, dengue rarely leads to serious complications, whereas severe dengue can result in life-threatening conditions like DSS and multi-organ failure if not promptly treated. Finally, both conditions require medical attention, but severe dengue demands more intensive care, including intravenous fluid replacement, close monitoring of vital signs, and management of complications.

 What Causes Severe Dengue?

The dengue virus has four distinct serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. Infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity to that specific serotype but not to the others. Consequently, a subsequent infection with a different serotype can increase the risk of severe dengue. Likewise, the body’s immune response plays a significant role in the development of severe dengue. When a person is infected with a different serotype for the second time, the immune system may overreact, leading to severe dengue.

Also, age and overall health can influence the risk of severe dengue. Young children, elderly individuals, and those with pre-existing health conditions or weakened immune systems are more susceptible to severe forms of the disease. Moreover, certain strains of the dengue virus can cause more severe disease. In conclusion, understanding these causes can help in the early identification and management of severe dengue, potentially reducing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes.

Effective Treatment Methods for Severe Dengue at Hospital CMQ

At Hospital CMQ, we understand the critical nature of severe dengue fever and we are committed to providing top-tier care to ensure the best possible outcome for our patients. Upon your arrival at our hospital, our physicians will first identify the typical signs and symptoms, such as high fever, severe abdominal pain, spontaneous bleeding, and signs of shock. However, to confirm the diagnosis of dengue we utilize advanced diagnostic tools and blood tests to determine the presence of the virus and assess the severity of the condition.

Patients diagnosed with severe dengue are admitted to our state-of-the-art intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring and treatment. Our multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals ensures round-the-clock care, focusing on stabilizing the patient and preventing complications. Key aspects of intensive care include Intravenous Fluid Replacement, Electrolyte Management, and in severe cases, Blood Transfusions. Additionally, with a focus on early intervention and continuous monitoring, our team of specialists is well-equipped to handle the complexities of severe dengue, offering expert care and support throughout the recovery process.

Vaccines for Dengue: What You Need to Know

The development of vaccines against dengue has been a crucial step in combating this disease. To date, there is only one dengue vaccine approved for use: Dengvaxia, developed by Sanofi Pasteur. It is the first vaccine designed to protect against all four dengue virus serotypes. In Mexico, this vaccine is recommended for individuals aged 9-45 years who have had a previous dengue infection. It is not advised for those who have never been infected, as it may increase the risk of severe dengue. Moreover, Dengvaxia has shown to be effective in reducing the risk of severe dengue and hospitalization in those previously infected with the dengue virus.

Furthermore, the current recommendation for dengue vaccination primarily focuses on individuals who live in or travel to areas with high dengue transmission. Dengvaxia is available in several countries, especially in regions where dengue is endemic. If you are located in Puerto Vallarta, our Pharmacy Department at Hospital CMQ can gladly help you get the dengue vaccine in Mexico.

Recommended Tests and Studies for Detection of Severe Dengue Fever

At Hospital CMQ, we utilize advanced diagnostic tools and tests to confirm the presence of the dengue virus. Our Lab Department offers the Dengue Duo Test, a highly effective blood test that checks for both dengue antibodies and antigens, helping to identify current and past infections. Here are some of the characteristics and requirements of this test:

• Fasting: To ensure the accuracy of your results, you need to fast for 4 hours prior to blood sampling.
• Same-day results: We understand the importance of a quick diagnosis, so we guarantee same-day delivery of results.
• No appointment needed: For added convenience, we accept walk-ins.
• Affordable price: The cost of the Dengue Duo Test is approximately $800 pesos, an affordable and reliable option.

Do not doubt to visit us to take this test and receive the best medical attention possible.

How to Protect Yourself from Severe Dengue

Protecting yourself from severe dengue fever involves a combination of preventing mosquito bites, reducing mosquito populations, and maintaining good health practices. Here’s how you can effectively shield yourself and your loved ones from this potentially life-threatening disease:

• Use Mosquito Repellents: These repellents are effective in keeping mosquitoes at bay and should be reapplied constantly, especially during peak mosquito season.
• Wear Protective Clothing: When outdoors, especially during early morning and late afternoon, wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks.
• Install Screens: Ensure that your windows and doors are fitted with protective screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.
• Eliminate Mosquito Populations: Mosquitoes breed in standing water. Regularly empty, clean, or cover containers that collect water.

Frequently Asked Questions About Severe Dengue Fever