hMPV Virus: The Virus Alarming China and the First Confirmed Cases in Mexico
Everything You Need to Know About hMPV Virus and How to Prevent It
In recent weeks, the respiratory virus hMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) has drawn attention due to its growing incidence in countries like China and its recent detection in Mexico. Although it is not a new virus, its impact has prompted health authorities in Mexico to strengthen surveillance measures. This virus causes symptoms similar to those of the flu and influenza but can become a serious threat to vulnerable populations such as young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
In this article, we will explain what the hMPV virus is, how it is transmitted, its symptoms, and what measures you can take to prevent it in time. In addition, we will discuss the current status of the hMPV virus in Mexico and our experts will answer the most frequently asked questions about this virus so that you are well informed and safe.
Did You Know?
The hMPV virus is not new. It was first identified in 2001 in the Netherlands and has been circulating since then. It is a seasonal virus, like the flu, and tends to be more active during the colder months of the year, particularly in winter and spring.
What is the hMPV Virus?
The Human Metapneumovirus, also known as hMPV, is a respiratory pathogen first identified in 2001 in Europe. It is related to the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and is one of the leading causes of respiratory infections in people of all ages. However, it is more severe in infants, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. hMPV is primarily transmitted through droplets expelled when coughing or sneezing, as well as direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Although it typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms, severe cases can lead to chronic bronchitis or pneumonia. The virus has an incubation period of 4 to 6 days.
Key Warning Signs: Symptoms of hMPV
As mentioned, the symptoms caused by the hMPV virus can range from mild to severe, depending on the age and health status of the individual. However, the most common symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus include:
- Nasal congestion and mucus discharge
- Persistent cough
- Moderate fever, usually not very high
- Sore throat
- Hoarseness or loss of voice, especially in young children
- Difficulty breathing, a severe symptom requiring immediate attention
- Wheezing or whistling sounds when breathing, especially in young children
- Fatigue and general weakness
Who are the most vulnerable groups?
Children under five, especially those born prematurely. Adults over 65. Individuals with HIV, cancer, autoimmune disorders, or those taking immunosuppressive medications. People with respiratory diseases such as asthma or chronic lung disease.
Severe Symptoms of hMPV
In very severe cases, hMPV can cause bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in infants under two years old, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Additionally, some warning signs that require immediate medical attention include:
- Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing
- Bluish lips or skin
- Intercostal or chest retraction
- Extreme drowsiness
Likewise, it’s important to pay close attention to these signs, especially if you have young children or older adults at home. If you detect any of these symptoms please contact our Hospital CMQ in Puerto Vallarta and Riviera Nayarit. Our emergency clinics are open 24/7 and we are ready to provide proper evaluation and treatment.
Differences Between hMPV and Other Respiratory Viruses Like COVID-19
The hMPV virus and COVID-19 are respiratory viruses that can cause similar symptoms, but they differ in severity, transmission, and treatment. Here are the main differences:
Disease Severity
hMPV usually causes mild symptoms such as nasal congestion, cough, and moderate fever. In vulnerable individuals, it can escalate to bronchitis or pneumonia. COVID-19 does not always cause symptoms but, in severe cases, leads to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and risk of death.
Transmission
Both viruses spread through droplets from coughing or sneezing and direct contact with contaminated individuals or surfaces. However, COVID-19 has a higher transmission rate, with a longer incubation period (2-14 days vs. hMPV’s 4-6 days).
Symptoms
While both have similar symptoms, hMPV does not cause loss of taste or smell, a distinctive feature of COVID-19.
Prevention
Effective vaccines are available for COVID-19, along with preventive measures like masks. For hMPV, no specific vaccine exists, and prevention relies on hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
Treatment
hMPV treatment focuses on symptom management, hydration, and rest. Severe cases may require oxygen therapy. COVID-19 treatments vary based on symptoms.
Although both viruses affect the respiratory tract, COVID-19 has a much greater impact in terms of transmissibility and potential for serious complications. However, in vulnerable populations, hMPV can also pose a significant risk, so it is essential to follow prevention recommendations.
Affected Countries: hMPV Virus Status Worldwide
hMPV is a respiratory virus that circulates worldwide and its outbreaks are mainly active during the winter. However, it often goes unnoticed due to its similarity to other viruses. Developments in diagnostic tests have made it possible to identify it with greater precision. Currently, its activity has increased in several parts of the world, raising concern due to its impact, especially on vulnerable populations.
- China: In recent weeks, China has reported a significant increase in hMPV cases. Hospitals have reported an increase in severe respiratory infections in children.
- United States and Canada: In North America, hMPV is one of the leading causes of hospitalization for respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age and older adults.
- Europe: European countries such as the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have recorded outbreaks of hMPV in recent years, with seasonal peaks coinciding with other respiratory viruses.
- Latin America: In countries such as Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, several cases of hMPV have been detected in recent days.
- Australia and New Zealand: hMPV is prevalent during the winter months, mainly affecting young children and the elderly.
hMPV in Mexico: First Cases Detected in the Country
The hMPV virus has begun to draw attention in Mexico following the first confirmed cases associated with this virus. Although hMPV is not a new virus, its recent detection in the country coincides with a global increase in infections, particularly in countries such as China. The first cases reported in various countries show respiratory symptoms similar to those of the common cold but with severe complications in vulnerable populations. Up to the publication date of this article, confirmed cases of hMPV in Mexico are:
- Aguascalientes: 1 case
- Colima: 4 cases
- Chihuahua: 1 case
- Nuevo León: 2 cases
- Puebla: 1 confirmed case and 1 suspected death
However, Mexico’s Secretary of Health, Dr. David Kershenobich Stalnikowitz rules out issuing an epidemiological alert in the country after the reported cases. “There is no reason to issue an alert, it is a usual virus in this flu period. There is no specific treatment and there is no vaccine for it either,” the secretary commented. Although there is no cause for alarm, health authorities must continue to monitor the evolution of cases and differentiate hMPV from other respiratory viruses such as influenza or COVID-19. For now, the key is to reinforce preventive measures, such as hand washing, avoiding contact with sick people, and seeking medical attention in case of persistent or severe symptoms.
Treatment for hMPV: Is there a treatment for hMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus does not currently have a specific treatment or a vaccine for its regulation. Therefore, since there is no specific anti-viral medication for this virus, treatment is focused on alleviating symptoms and preventing complications, especially in vulnerable patients. So far, the recommendations and treatment from our medical experts are:
- Use of over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and relieve pain, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen.
- Saline solution to relieve nasal congestion.
- Maintain adequate hydration.
- Prioritizing rest and allowing the body to rest so the immune system can fight the infection.
Prevention: Basic Habits to Avoid Infection
Preventing the spread of hMPV is key to reducing the spread of this virus, especially during the cold season. Therefore, although there is no vaccine or specific treatment, adopting hygiene and care habits can protect people, especially the most vulnerable groups. For example, washing your hands frequently with soap and water, using alcohol-based sanitizer, and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a handkerchief or your elbow are essential measures to avoid transmission of the virus.
In addition, it is important to avoid touching your face with dirty hands and to keep your distance from sick people. If you have respiratory symptoms, staying home helps prevent the spread to others. In addition, other key actions include regularly disinfecting commonly used surfaces and using masks in closed or poorly ventilated spaces. Maintaining a balanced diet, adequate rest, and regular exercise are also critical. And, although there is no specific vaccine for hMPV, staying up-to-date with influenza and COVID-19 vaccines can decrease the risk of complications associated with respiratory infections.
hMPV in Mexico, Is Mexico prepared for a major outbreak?
Mexico has gained experience in managing epidemiological outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and seasonal influenza. However, the ability to respond to a significant increase in hMPV cases will depend on surveillance, the availability of resources in hospitals and clinics, and collaboration between public and private health institutions. Although the Secretary of Health, Dr. Kershenobich Stalnikowitz, has stated that there is no reason to issue an epidemiological alert, health authorities maintain protocols for monitoring respiratory diseases. This allows for prompt identification of cases and the implementation of control measures.
Frequently Asked Questions about the hMPV Virus
hMPV, or Human Metapneumovirus, is a respiratory virus that causes infections in people of all ages but poses a higher risk for young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals.
Common symptoms include nasal congestion, cough, fever, sore throat, and fatigue. Severe cases may lead to bronchitis or pneumonia.
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, hydration, and rest. Severe cases may require hospitalization or oxygen therapy.
No. hMPV is not fatal in healthy people with strong immune systems. However, in vulnerable groups, it can be fatal. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen.
The typical duration of hMPV disease is 7-10 days in most cases. Symptoms usually improve within the first five days.
Currently, no vaccine exists for hMPV. Prevention relies on hygiene and minimizing exposure to the virus.
Preventive measures include regular handwashing, disinfecting surfaces, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.