What Is PCOS?
PCOS involves an imbalance in reproductive hormones that affects how the ovaries function. Many women with PCOS have higher-than-typical levels of androgens (male hormones present in smaller amounts in women) and may not ovulate regularly, which can lead to irregular or absent periods and, over time, small fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries.
What Are the Symptoms?
- Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods
- Excess facial or body hair growth
- Persistent acne or oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair on the scalp
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Dark, thickened patches of skin, often at the neck or underarms
What Causes PCOS?
The exact cause isn't fully understood, but insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, and genetics all appear to play a role. Many women with PCOS also have insulin resistance, which can worsen hormone imbalances and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes over time.
How Is PCOS Diagnosed?
There's no single test for PCOS. Doctors typically look at a combination of factors: menstrual history, blood tests measuring hormone levels, and a pelvic ultrasound to check the ovaries, ruling out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
How Is PCOS Treated?
- Hormonal birth control to regulate periods and reduce excess androgen effects
- Medications to improve insulin sensitivity when insulin resistance is present
- Fertility treatment if pregnancy is desired and ovulation isn't occurring regularly
- Lifestyle changes — nutrition and physical activity — which can meaningfully improve symptoms for many women
- Treatments targeted at acne or excess hair growth, depending on what bothers you most
Everything in One Place
PCOS often benefits from more than one specialist working together. At Hospital CMQ, gynecology, endocrinology, and nutrition coordinate care so your treatment plan addresses periods, fertility, metabolic health, and skin symptoms without bouncing between separate clinics.
Ask our gynecology team about a personalized plan for managing PCOS.
References
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) — PCOS
- Mayo Clinic — PCOS overview
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH) — PCOS
